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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Cassandra vs. HyperSQL vs. InterSystems IRIS vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Cassandra vs. HyperSQL vs. InterSystems IRIS vs. Microsoft SQL Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonInterSystems IRIS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA containerised multi-model DBMS, interoperability and analytics data platform with wide capabilities for vertical and horizontal scalabilityMicrosofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Object oriented DBMS
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score4.05
Rank#83  Overall
#14  Document stores
#10  Key-value stores
#1  Object oriented DBMS
#45  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcassandra.apache.orghsqldb.orgwww.intersystems.com/­products/­intersystems-iriswww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latesthsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.intersystems.com/­irislatest/­csp/­docbook/­DocBook.UI.Page.clslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookInterSystemsMicrosoft
Initial release20132008200120181989
Current release4.1.0, June 20224.1.3, July 20232.7.2, June 20232023.3, June 2023SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infobased on BSD licensecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageC++JavaJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesAIX
Linux
macOS
Ubuntu
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesdepending on used data modelyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoJava, SQLyesTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersnoyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"noneShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenoneSource-replica replicationyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaCassandraHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBInterSystems IRISMicrosoft SQL Server
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
InterSystems IRIS is a complete cloud-first data platform which includes a multi-model...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCassandraHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBInterSystems IRISMicrosoft SQL Server
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