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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Cassandra vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Cassandra vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessTime Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.46
Rank#265  Overall
#22  Time Series DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcassandra.apache.orggithub.com/­spotify/­heroicazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasegithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestspotify.github.io/­heroicdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookSpotifyMicrosoftAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release20132008201420102012
Current release4.1.0, June 20224.1.3, July 2023V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageC++JavaJavaC++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infovia Elasticsearchyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonoTransact SQLyes
Triggersnoyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardingyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyesyes, with always 3 replicas availableyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnonoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaCassandraHeroicMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureTitan
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
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