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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. Datomic vs. Heroic vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. Datomic vs. Heroic vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn embedded key-value store for Go.Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityTime Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#220  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score0.51
Rank#255  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­boltdb/­boltwww.datomic.comgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.datomic.comspotify.github.io/­heroicwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCognitectSpotifyPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20132013201220141989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.0.6735, June 202316.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoMIT Licensecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
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Implementation languageC++GoJava, ClojureJavaC
Server operating systemsLinuxBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes infovia Elasticsearchyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnononoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIHQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGoClojure
Java
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyes infoTransaction Functionsnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersnonoBy using transaction functionsnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaBoltDBDatomicHeroicPostgreSQL
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