DBMS > Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. Datomic vs. Heroic vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. Datomic vs. Heroic vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

An embedded key-value store for Go.

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearch

Widely used RDBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#220	Overall
	#31	Key-value stores

Score	1.59
Rank	#150	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	0.51
Rank	#255	Overall
	#21	Time Series DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

github.com/boltdb/bolt

www.datomic.com

github.com/spotify/heroic

www.oracle.com/database

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.datomic.com

spotify.github.io/heroic

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Cognitect

Spotify

Oracle

Initial release

2013

2012

2014

1980

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

1.0.6735, June 2023

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java, Clojure

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via Elasticsearch

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Clojure
Java

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

Transaction Functions

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

By using transaction functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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