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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. Cassandra vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RRDtool

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. BoltDB vs. Cassandra vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RRDtool

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonRRDtool  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn embedded key-value store for Go.Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSIndustry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database. infoThe data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeWide column storeRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#220  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1.87
Rank#136  Overall
#11  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­boltdb/­boltcassandra.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serveross.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serveross.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool/­doc
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMicrosoftTobias Oetiker
Initial release20132013200819891999
Current release4.1.0, June 20224.1.3, July 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20221.8.0, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPL V2 and FLOSS
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++GoJavaC++C infoImplementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available
Server operating systemsLinuxBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
HP-UX
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesNumeric data only
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno infoExporting into and restoring from XML files possible
Secondary indexesyesnorestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
in-process shared library
Pipes
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGoC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C infowith librrd library
C# infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Java infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js) infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP infowith a wrapper library
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornoneselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoby using the rrdcached daemon
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnoAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaBoltDBCassandraMicrosoft SQL ServerRRDtool
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
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