DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. STSdb

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. STSdb

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Widely used RDBMS

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.29
Rank	#95	Overall
	#49	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	1234.27
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	645.05
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.06
Rank	#365	Overall
	#55	Key-value stores

Website

druid.apache.org

www.oracle.com/database

www.postgresql.org

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

docs.oracle.com/en/database

www.postgresql.org/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Oracle

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

STS Soft SC

Initial release

2012

1980

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2011

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

23c, September 2023

16.2, February 2024

4.0.8, September 2015

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

.NET Client API

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C#
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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