DBMS > Apache Druid vs. FoundationDB vs. HBase vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb
System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. FoundationDB vs. HBase vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb
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| Name | Apache Druid Xexclude from comparison | FoundationDB Xexclude from comparison | HBase Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | Quasardb Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data | Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers. | Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable | Widely used open source RDBMS  Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | Distributed, high-performance timeseries database | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS Time Series DBMS | Document store supported via specific layer Key-value store Relational DBMS supported via specific SQL-layer | Wide column store | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Time Series DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | druid.apache.org | github.com/apple/foundationdb | hbase.apache.org | www.postgresql.org | quasar.ai | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design | apple.github.io/foundationdb | hbase.apache.org/book.html | www.postgresql.org/docs | doc.quasar.ai/master | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Apache Software Foundation and contributors | FoundationDB | Apache Software Foundation Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | quasardb | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2012 | 2013 | 2008 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 29.0.1, April 2024 | 6.2.28, November 2020 | 2.3.4, January 2021 | 16.3, May 2024 | 3.14.1, January 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache license v2 | Open Source Apache 2.0 | Open Source Apache version 2 | Open Source BSD | commercial Free community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | Java | C++ | Java | C | C++ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Linux OS X Unix | Linux OS X Windows | Linux Unix Windows using Cygwin | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | BSD Linux OS X Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes schema-less columns are supported | schema-free some layers support schemas | schema-free, schema definition possible | yes | schema-free | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | no some layers support typing | options to bring your own types, AVRO | yes | yes integer and binary | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | no | no | yes | yes with tags | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | SQL for querying | supported in specific SQL layer only | no | yes standard with numerous extensions | SQL-like query language | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | JDBC RESTful HTTP/JSON API | Java API RESTful HTTP API Thrift | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | HTTP API | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | Clojure JavaScript PHP Python R Ruby Scala | .Net C C++ Go Java JavaScript Node.jsPHP Python Ruby Swift | C C# C++ Groovy Java PHP Python Scala | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | .Net C C# C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | in SQL-layer only | yes Coprocessors in Java | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | no | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding manual/auto, time-based | Sharding | Sharding | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding consistent hashing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines | yes | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Source-replica replication with selectable replication factor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | yes | no | with Hadoop integration | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Linearizable consistency | Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | in SQL-layer only | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no | ACID | Single row ACID (across millions of columns) | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes by using LevelDB | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes | no | yes Transient mode | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system | no | Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Cryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apache Druid | FoundationDB | HBase | PostgreSQL | Quasardb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | Cloudera's HBase PaaS offering now supports Complex Transactions Why is Hadoop not listed in the DB-Engines Ranking? | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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