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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Apache Phoenix vs. EXASOL vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Apache Phoenix vs. EXASOL vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.85
Rank#96  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
#6  Time Series DBMS
Score1.90
Rank#125  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score1.66
Rank#138  Overall
#64  Relational DBMS
Score807.76
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgphoenix.apache.orgwww.exasol.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designphoenix.apache.orgwww.exasol.com/­resourceslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software FoundationExasolMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20122014200019891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release30.0.0, June 20245.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019SQL Server 2022, November 202216.4, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
Linux
Unix
Windows
Linux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyesyesyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
Java
Lua
Python
R
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsuser defined functionsTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnonoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoHadoop integrationyes infoHadoop integrationnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache DruidApache PhoenixEXASOLMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQL
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