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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Cassandra vs. EXASOL vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Cassandra vs. EXASOL vs. Microsoft SQL Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Microsofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score2.06
Rank#123  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.76
Rank#139  Overall
#62  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgphoenix.apache.orgcassandra.apache.orgwww.exasol.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designphoenix.apache.orgcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.exasol.com/­resourceslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software FoundationApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookExasolMicrosoft
Initial release20122014200820001989
Current release29.0.1, April 20245.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20194.1.3, July 2023SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageJavaJavaJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
Linux
Unix
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyesSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBCProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
Lua
Python
R
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsnouser defined functionsTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersnonoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
selectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoHadoop integrationyesyes infoHadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DruidApache PhoenixCassandraEXASOLMicrosoft SQL Server
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
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