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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Drizzle vs. H2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Drizzle vs. H2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonDrizzle  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
Drizzle has published its last release in September 2012. The open-source project is discontinued and Drizzle is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageMySQL fork with a pluggable micro-kernel and with an emphasis of performance over compatibility.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.28
Rank#119  Overall
#23  Document stores
#56  Relational DBMS
Score8.22
Rank#50  Overall
#32  Relational DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.94
Rank#72  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Websitedrill.apache.orgwww.h2database.comwww.postgresql.orgpingcap.com
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperApache Software FoundationDrizzle project, originally started by Brian AkerThomas MuellerPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release2012200820051989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2016
Current release1.20.3, January 20237.2.4, September 20122.2.220, July 202316.2, February 20248.0.0, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoGNU GPLOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageC++JavaCGo, Rust
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
All OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantyes infowith proprietary extensionsyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
JDBCJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesC++C
C++
Java
PHP
Java.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnono infohooks for callbacks inside the server can be used.yesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyesyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourceyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourcePluggable authentication mechanisms infoe.g. LDAP, HTTPfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DrillDrizzleH2PostgreSQLTiDB
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
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Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
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Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
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Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
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Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
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More resources
Apache DrillDrizzleH2PostgreSQLTiDB
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