DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Memgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Memgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4j

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.

Primary database model

column oriented

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	3.19
Rank	#94	Overall
	#8	Graph DBMS

Score	3.80
Rank	#81	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	76.78
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	1.52
Rank	#153	Overall
	#5	Vector DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

memgraph.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

github.com/weaviate/weaviate
weaviate.io

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

memgraph.com/docs

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

weaviate.io/developers/weaviate

Social network pages

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Memgraph Ltd

Microsoft

Weaviate B.V.

Initial release

2012

2017

2019

2010

2019

Current release

cloud service with continuous releases

V12

1.19, May 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition available

commercial

Open Source

commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and schema-optional

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

yes, maps to GraphQL interface

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

GraphQL is used as query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

JavaScript / TypeScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

dynamic graph partitioning

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

yes, with always 3 replicas available

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

with snapshot isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users, roles and permissions

Azure Active Directory Authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
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Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
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Competitive advantages

Business Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
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Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
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Typical application scenarios

Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
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As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customers

All companies that have data.
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Market metrics

As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
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Licensing and pricing models

You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
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Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.