DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	3.49
Rank	#87	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	77.99
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

hsqldb.org

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

spark.apache.org/sql

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Microsoft

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

2012

2001

2010

2014

Current release

2.7.2, June 2023

V12

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

based on BSD license

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Scala

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

Java, SQL

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

yes, with always 3 replicas available

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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