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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Heroic vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenMLDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Heroic vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenMLDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOpenMLDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsTime Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchA highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformAn open-source machine learning database that provides a feature platform for training and inference
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score16.88
Rank#35  Overall
#22  Relational DBMS
Score0.46
Rank#265  Overall
#22  Time Series DBMS
Score0.36
Rank#280  Overall
#40  Key-value stores
#129  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.10
Rank#359  Overall
#36  Time Series DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicwww.leanxcale.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-exploreropenmldb.ai
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftspotify.github.io/­heroicdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-exploreropenmldb.ai/­docs/­zh/­main
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)SpotifyLeanXcaleMicrosoft4 Paradigm Inc.
Initial release20122014201520192020
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases2024-2 February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJavaC++, Java, Scala
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Fixed schema
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesrestrictedyes infovia Elasticsearchall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardnoyes infothrough Apache DerbyKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
Java
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin PythonnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftHeroicLeanXcaleMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOpenMLDB
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