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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score17.94
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftwww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)MicrosoftMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2012201020161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release16.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC.NET and CC++C
Server operating systemshosted.NEThostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardnoyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin PythonyesTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioningSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgreSQL
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