DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Graph Engine vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Riak KV

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Graph Engine vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Riak KV

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Distributed, fault tolerant key-value store

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

with links between data sets and object tags for the creation of secondary indexes

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	0.61
Rank	#240	Overall
	#21	Graph DBMS
	#35	Key-value stores

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	4.10
Rank	#82	Overall
	#9	Key-value stores

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.graphengine.io

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.graphengine.io/docs/manual

docs.immudb.io

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.tiot.jp/riak-docs/riak/kv/latest

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Microsoft

Codenotary

Microsoft

OpenSource, formerly Basho Technologies

Initial release

2012

2010

2020

1989

2009

Current release

1.2.3, April 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.2.0, December 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache version 2, commercial enterprise edition

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

.NET and C

C++

Erlang

Server operating systems

hosted

.NET

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

restricted

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL-like syntax

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

unofficial client library
C#
C++

unofficial client library
Clojure

unofficial client library
Dart

unofficial client library
Erlang
Go

unofficial client library
Groovy

unofficial client library
Haskell

unofficial client library
Java
JavaScript

unofficial client library
Lisp

unofficial client library
Perl

unofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

unofficial client library
Smalltalk

unofficial client library

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Erlang

Triggers

yes

pre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

selectable replication factor

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

links between data sets can be stored

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes, using Riak Security

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