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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. MarkLogic vs. Oracle vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. MarkLogic vs. Oracle vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseWidely used RDBMSEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score16.88
Rank#35  Overall
#22  Relational DBMS
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score1244.08
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftcloud.google.com/­datastorewww.marklogic.comwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.stardog.com
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdocs.marklogic.comdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasedocs.stardog.com
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)GoogleMarkLogic Corp.OracleStardog-Union
Initial release20122008200119802010
Current release11.0, December 202223c, September 20237.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++C and C++Java
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardSQL-like query language (GQL)yes infoSQL92yes infowith proprietary extensionsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonusing Google App Engineyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
TriggersnoCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyesyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication using PaxosyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno infocan be realized in PL/SQLno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsnoyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes, with Range Indexesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftGoogle Cloud DatastoreMarkLogicOracleStardog
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