DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. dBASE vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. GraphDB vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. dBASE vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. GraphDB vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

dBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.

Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Wide column store

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	9.70
Rank	#44	Overall
	#28	Relational DBMS

Score	3.15
Rank	#95	Overall
	#14	Key-value stores
	#8	Wide column stores

Score	3.25
Rank	#91	Overall
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	1.52
Rank	#153	Overall
	#5	Vector DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.dbase.com

cloud.google.com/bigtable

www.ontotext.com

github.com/weaviate/weaviate
weaviate.io

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.dbase.com/support/knowledgebase

cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

weaviate.io/developers/weaviate

Social network pages

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Asthon Tate

Google

Ontotext

Weaviate B.V.

Initial release

2012

1979

2015

2000

2019

Current release

dBASE 2019, 2019

10.4, October 2023

1.19, May 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

Open Source

commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

DOS

dBase Classic
Windows

dBase Pro

hosted

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

yes, maps to GraphQL interface

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

yes

all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

GraphQL is used as query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

none

The IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

dBase proprietary IDE

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

JavaScript / TypeScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

The IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

Triggers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones

Multi-source replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Constraint checking

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMS

Atomic single-row operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
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Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
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Competitive advantages

GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
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Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
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Typical application scenarios

Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more

As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customers

GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
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All companies that have data.
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Market metrics

GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
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As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
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Licensing and pricing models

GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more

Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.