DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Dolt vs. FoundationDB vs. Hive vs. Neo4j

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Dolt vs. FoundationDB vs. Hive vs. Neo4j

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

A MySQL compatible DBMS with Git-like versioning of data and schema

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	1.02
Rank	#191	Overall
	#89	Relational DBMS

Score	1.06
Rank	#185	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#85	Relational DBMS

Score	59.76
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	44.89
Rank	#21	Overall
	#1	Graph DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

github.com/dolthub/dolt
www.dolthub.com

github.com/apple/foundationdb

hive.apache.org

neo4j.com

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

docs.dolthub.com

apple.github.io/foundationdb

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

neo4j.com/docs

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

DoltHub Inc

FoundationDB

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

Neo4j, Inc.

Initial release

2012

2018

2013

2012

2007

Current release

6.2.28, November 2020

3.1.3, April 2022

5.20, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

GPL version3, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Java, Scala

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

some layers support schemas

yes

schema-free and schema-optional

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

some layers support typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

supported in specific SQL layer only

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

CLI Client
HTTP REST

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM

Object Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

C++
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

currently in alpha release

in SQL-layer only

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

User defined Procedures and Functions

Triggers

yes

via event handler

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

yes using Neo4j Fabric

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

A database can be cloned to multiple locations and be used there in isolation. Data/schema changes can be pushed/pulled explicitly between locations.

yes

selectable replication factor

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

available in in Enterprise Version only

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Linearizable consistency

Eventual Consistency

Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

in SQL-layer only

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Only one user is configurable, and must be specified in the config file at startup

Access rights for users, groups and roles

Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Key customers

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

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