DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Datomic vs. KeyDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Datomic vs. KeyDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

An ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocols

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	1.66
Rank	#144	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	0.70
Rank	#229	Overall
	#32	Key-value stores

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.datomic.com

github.com/Snapchat/KeyDB
keydb.dev

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

docs.datomic.com

docs.keydb.dev

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Cognitect

EQ Alpha Technology Ltd.

Microsoft

Initial release

2012

2019

1989

Current release

1.0.7075, December 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

BSD-3

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java, Clojure

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

partial

Supported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexes

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

by using the Redis Search module

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

Proprietary protocol

RESP - REdis Serialization Protoco

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Clojure
Java

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

Transaction Functions

Lua

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

By using transaction functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Optimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scripts

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

Configurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logs

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

simple password-based access control and ACL

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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