DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. Kuzu vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. Kuzu vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Cloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.

An embeddable property Graph DBMS built for query speed and scalability

Widely used RDBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	1.66
Rank	#144	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	7.36
Rank	#53	Overall
	#9	Document stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#402	Overall
	#41	Graph DBMS

Score	1244.08
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.datomic.com

firebase.google.com/products/firestore

kuzudb.com

www.oracle.com/database

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

docs.datomic.com

firebase.google.com/docs/firestore

docs.kuzudb.com

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Cognitect

Google

Oracle

Initial release

2012

2017

2022

1980

Current release

1.0.7075, December 2023

0.4.2, May 2024

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

Open Source

MIT license

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java, Clojure

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

server-less

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

CLI Client
Cypher Query Language

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Clojure
Java

Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Python
Rust

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

Transaction Functions

yes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functions

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

By using transaction functions

yes, with Cloud Functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Multi-source replication

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Using Cloud Dataflow

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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