DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. ClickHouse vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL
System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. ClickHouse vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL
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| Editorial information provided by DB-Engines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name | Amazon Redshift Xexclude from comparison | ClickHouse Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft SQL Server Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools | A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering. | Microsofts flagship relational DBMS | Widely used open source RDBMS  Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Time Series DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | aws.amazon.com/redshift | clickhouse.com | www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server | www.postgresql.org | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift | clickhouse.com/docs | learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server | www.postgresql.org/docs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Amazon (based on PostgreSQL) | Clickhouse Inc. | Microsoft | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2012 | 2016 | 1989 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | v24.6.2.17-stable, July 2024 | SQL Server 2022, November 2022 | 16.4, August 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | Open Source Apache 2.0 | commercial restricted free version is available | Open Source BSD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | yes | no | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. |
| SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant. | PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | C | C++ | C++ | C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | hosted | FreeBSD Linux macOS | Linux Windows | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | restricted | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes does not fully support an SQL-standard | Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions) | yes | yes standard with numerous extensions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | JDBC ODBC | gRPC HTTP REST JDBC MySQL wire protocol ODBC PostgreSQL wire protocol Proprietary protocol | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC OLE DB Tabular Data Stream (TDS) | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC | C# 3rd party library C++ Elixir 3rd party libraryGo 3rd party libraryJava 3rd party libraryJavaScript (Node.js) 3rd party libraryKotlin 3rd party libraryNim 3rd party libraryPerl 3rd party libraryPHP 3rd party libraryPython 3rd party libraryR 3rd party libraryRuby 3rd party libraryRust Scala 3rd party library | C# C++ Delphi Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python R Ruby Visual Basic | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | user defined functions in Python | yes | Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | no | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | key based and custom | tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes | Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages. | yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes informational only, not enforced by the system | no | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | no | ACID | ACID | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | yes | yes | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication. | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 3rd parties | CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers. » more | DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale. » more | Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems. » more Navicat for SQL Server gives you a fully graphical approach to database management and development. » more | Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development. » more Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL » more Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems. » more pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring. » more SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more. » more CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details. » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Amazon Redshift | ClickHouse | Microsoft SQL Server | PostgreSQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates The popularity of cloud-based DBMSs has increased tenfold in four years Increased popularity for consuming DBMS services out of the cloud | MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019 The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire Microsoft SQL Server is the DBMS of the Year | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 PASS Data Community Summit PASS Data Community Summit Amazon RDS for MySQL zero-ETL integration with Amazon Redshift, now generally available, enables near real-time analytics Amazon Redshift Serverless is now available in the AWS Asia Pacific (Hong Kong) and Israel (Tel Aviv) Regions Amazon Redshift Serverless now supports AWS PrivateLink Harness Zero Copy data sharing from Salesforce Data Cloud to Amazon Redshift for Unified Analytics – Part 2 Harness Zero Copy data sharing from Salesforce Data Cloud to Amazon Redshift for Unified Analytics – Part 1 provided by Google News A Beginner’s Guide to ClickHouse Database Real-time database startup ClickHouse acquires PeerDB to expand its Postgres support Azur Games migrates all game analytics data to ClickHouse Cloud on AWS Database startup ClickHouse Announces PeerDB Acquistion ClickHouse Acquires PeerDB to Advance Postgres CDC Integration Solutions provided by Google News Threat Actors Target Contractor Software Make SQL Server end of support the start of your AWS cloud journey Getting started with delivering generative AI capabilities in SQL Server and Azure SQL SQL Server vNext: When and What Is Coming Mastering the SQL Server command-line interface provided by Google News YugabyteDB 2.19 gets new PostgreSQL-compatibility features YugabyteDB evolves into a distributed PostgreSQL database for apps that need resilience and scale Intel Demonstrates Up To 48% Improvement For AVX-512 Optimized PostgreSQL PostgreSQL in line for DuckDB-shaped boost in analytics arena PostgreSQL databases under attack provided by Google News | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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