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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Microsofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score16.88
Rank#35  Overall
#22  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score101.16
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftwww.citusdata.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accesswww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftdocs.citusdata.comdeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accesslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)MicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release2012201019921989
Current release8.1, December 20181902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 2019SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercial infoBundled with Microsoft Officecommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCCC++C++
Server operating systemshostedLinuxWindows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsLinux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyes
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersnoyesyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftCitusMicrosoft AccessMicrosoft SQL Server
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