DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. MarkLogic vs. MySQL vs. Oracle
System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. MarkLogic vs. MySQL vs. Oracle
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| Name | Amazon Redshift Xexclude from comparison | Citus Xexclude from comparison | MarkLogic Xexclude from comparison | MySQL Xexclude from comparison | Oracle Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools | Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL | Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database | Widely used open source RDBMS | Widely used RDBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS | Document store Native XML DBMS RDF store  as of version 7Search engine | Relational DBMS Key/Value like access via memcached API | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store | Document store Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Oracle Spatial and GraphRDF store with Oracle Spatial and GraphSpatial DBMS with Oracle Spatial and GraphVector DBMS since Oracle 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | aws.amazon.com/redshift | www.citusdata.com | www.marklogic.com | www.mysql.com | www.oracle.com/database | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift | docs.citusdata.com | docs.marklogic.com | dev.mysql.com/doc | docs.oracle.com/en/database | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Amazon (based on PostgreSQL) | MarkLogic Corp. | Oracle since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun | Oracle | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2012 | 2010 | 2001 | 1995 | 1980 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 8.1, December 2018 | 11.0, December 2022 | 8.4.0, April 2024 | 23c, September 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | Open Source AGPL, commercial license also available | commercial restricted free version is available | Open Source GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available | commercial restricted free version is available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | yes | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | C | C | C++ | C and C++ | C and C++ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | hosted | Linux | Linux OS X Windows | FreeBSD Linux OS X Solaris Windows | AIX HP-UX Linux OS X Solaris Windows z/OS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | yes | schema-free Schema can be enforced | yes | yes Schemaless in JSON and XML columns | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | restricted | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes does not fully support an SQL-standard | yes standard, with numerous extensions | yes SQL92 | yes with proprietary extensions | yes with proprietary extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | JDBC ODBC | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | Java API Node.js Client API ODBC proprietary Optic API Proprietary Query API, introduced with version 9RESTful HTTP API SPARQL WebDAV XDBC XQuery XSLT | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC Proprietary native API | JDBC ODBC ODP.NET Oracle Call Interface (OCI) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | C C# C++ Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Ruby | Ada C C# C++ D Delphi Eiffel Erlang Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | C C# C++ Clojure Cobol Delphi Eiffel Erlang Fortran Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Lisp Objective C OCaml Perl PHP Python R Ruby Scala Tcl Visual Basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | user defined functions in Python | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | yes via XQuery or JavaScript | yes proprietary syntax | PL/SQL also stored procedures in Java possible | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | Sharding | Sharding | horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric | Sharding, horizontal partitioning | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | yes | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | yes via Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs | no | no can be realized in PL/SQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes informational only, not enforced by the system | yes | no | yes not for MyISAM storage engine | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | ACID can act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction | ACID not for MyISAM storage engine | ACID isolation level can be parameterized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes table locks or row locks depending on storage engine | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | no | yes, with Range Indexes | yes | yes Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory' | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levels | Users with fine-grained authorization concept no user groups or roles | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Amazon Redshift | Citus | MarkLogic | MySQL | Oracle | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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