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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesMicrosofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score17.94
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftwww.citusdata.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftdocs.citusdata.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)GoogleMicrosoft
Initial release2012201020111989
Current release8.1, December 20181.23, February 2021SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageCCC++C++
Server operating systemshostedLinuxIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyes
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftCitusLevelDBMicrosoft SQL Server
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