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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Firebird vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Firebird vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used RDBMS
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score19.46
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score1.94
Rank#120  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Score807.76
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1286.59
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.firebirdsql.orgwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oracle.com/­database
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualswww.lmdb.tech/­doclearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database
DeveloperAmazonFirebird FoundationSymasMicrosoftOracle
Initial release20172000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase201119891980
Current release5.0.1, August 20240.9.32, January 2024SQL Server 2022, November 202223c, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicenseOpen Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC and C++CC++C and C++
Server operating systemshostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
Linux
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columns
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnoyesyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoPSQLnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possible
Triggersnoyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Source-replica replicationnoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono infocan be realized in PL/SQL
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterized
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Users with fine-grained authorization conceptnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneFirebirdLMDBMicrosoft SQL ServerOracle
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