DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. ArangoDB vs. Kdb vs. NebulaGraph vs. OceanBase
System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. ArangoDB vs. Kdb vs. NebulaGraph vs. OceanBase
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| Name | Amazon Neptune Xexclude from comparison | ArangoDB Xexclude from comparison | Kdb Xexclude from comparison | NebulaGraph Xexclude from comparison | OceanBase Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud | Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language. | High performance Time Series DBMS | A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS | A distributed, high available RDBMS compatible with Oracle and MySQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Graph DBMS RDF store | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store Search engine | Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | Graph DBMS | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Relational DBMS | Document store Wide column store | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | aws.amazon.com/neptune | arangodb.com | kx.com | github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula www.nebula-graph.io | en.oceanbase.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources | docs.arangodb.com | code.kx.com | docs.nebula-graph.io | en.oceanbase.com/docs/oceanbase-database | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Developer | Amazon | ArangoDB Inc. | Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plc | Vesoft Inc. | OceanBase  previously Alibaba and Ant Group | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2017 | 2012 | 2000 kdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003 | 2019 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 3.11.5, November 2023 | 3.6, May 2018 | 4.3.0, April 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | Open Source Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available | commercial free 32-bit version | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0 | Open Source Commercial license available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | yes | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | C++ | q | C++ | C++ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | hosted | Linux OS X Windows | Linux OS X Solaris Windows | Linux | Linux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free | schema-free automatically recognizes schema within a collection | yes | Strong typed schema | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes string, double, boolean, list, hash | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | no | yes | yes table attribute 'grouped' | yes Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value. | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | no | no | SQL-like query language (q) | SQL-like query language | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | OpenCypher RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1 TinkerPop Gremlin | AQL Foxx Framework Graph API (Gremlin) GraphQL query language HTTP API Java & SpringData JSON style queries VelocyPack/VelocyStream | HTTP API JDBC Jupyter Kafka ODBC WebSocket | Browser interface console (shell) Cypher Query Language GO Object Graph Mapper Java Object Graph Mapper NGBatis ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-BootProprietary native API Python Object Graph Mapper Query language nGQL | JDBC ODBC ODP.NET Oracle Call Interface (OCI) Proprietary native API Table API | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C# Go Java JavaScript PHP Python Ruby Scala | C# C++ Clojure Elixir Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python R Rust | C C# C++ Go J Java JavaScript Lua MatLab Perl PHP Python R Scala | .Net C++ Go Java PHP Python | Ada in MySQL-compatible model C in Oracle- and MySQL- compatible modelsC++ in Oracle- and MySQL- compatible modelsD in MySQL-compatible modelDelphi in MySQL-compatible modelEiffel in MySQL-compatible modelErlang in MySQL-compatible modelHaskell in MySQL-compatible modelJava in Oracle- and MySQL- compatible modelsJavaScript (Node.js) in MySQL-compatible modelObjective-C in MySQL-compatible modelOCaml in MySQL-compatible modelPerl in MySQL-compatible modelPHP in MySQL-compatible modelPython in MySQL-compatible modelRuby in MySQL-compatible modelScheme in MySQL-compatible modelTcl in MySQL-compatible model | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | JavaScript | user defined functions | user defined functions | PL/SQL in oracle-compatible mode, MySQL Stored Procedure in mysql-compatible mode | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | no | yes with views | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | none | Sharding since version 2.0 | horizontal partitioning | Sharding | horizontal partitioning (by hash, key, range, range columns, list, and list columns) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances. | Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor | Source-replica replication | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol | Multi-source replication using Paxos | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript | no similar paradigm used for internal processing | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency configurable per collection or per write Immediate Consistency OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics) | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes Relationships in graphs | yes relationships in graphs | yes | yes Relationships in graphs | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | no | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes with encyption-at-rest | yes | yes | yes using RocksDB | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) | yes | rights management via user accounts | Role-based access control | Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amazon Neptune | ArangoDB | Kdb | NebulaGraph | OceanBase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | Graph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading... » more | Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical... » more | NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,... » more | OceanBase Database is the world’s only native distributed database that has set new... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document... » more | provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked... » more | NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host... » more | High Availability : The five IDCs across three sites disaster recovery solution sets... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across... » more | tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas... » more | Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,... » more | Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities... » more | Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,... » more | OceanBase Database has helped over 400 customers across industries upgrade their... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on... » more | kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure... » more | At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub... » more | TPC-C No.1 Performance , achieved a result of 707.35 million tpmC in the TPC-C benchmark... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are... » more | upon request » more | NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license. » more | Mulan PubL v2 license for open source community edition. Commercial license for enterprise... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amazon Neptune | ArangoDB | Kdb | NebulaGraph | OceanBase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | The Weight of Relational Databases: Time for Multi-Model? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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