DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Widely used RDBMS

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.20
Rank	#119	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	5.00
Rank	#66	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.oracle.com/database

spark.apache.org/sql

trino.io

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

docs.oracle.com/en/database

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

Social network pages

Developer

Amazon

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Oracle

Apache Software Foundation

Trino Software Foundation

Initial release

2017

2012

1980

2014

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

Current release

23c, September 2023

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.

Implementation language

C and C++

Scala

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

depending on connected data-source

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Java
Python
R
Scala

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

yes, utilizing Spark Core

depending on connected data-source

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

depending on connected data-source

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

depending on connected data-source

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

depending on connected data-source

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

depending on connected data-source

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

SQL standard access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
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Competitive advantages

High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
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Typical application scenarios

Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
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Key customers

Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
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Market metrics

33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
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Licensing and pricing models

Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.