DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Amazon Redshift vs. ArangoDB vs. Hive vs. NebulaGraph

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Amazon Redshift vs. ArangoDB vs. Hive vs. NebulaGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.20
Rank	#119	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	3.32
Rank	#90	Overall
	#15	Document stores
	#5	Graph DBMS
	#12	Key-value stores
	#10	Search engines

Score	61.17
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	2.14
Rank	#120	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/neptune

aws.amazon.com/redshift

arangodb.com

hive.apache.org

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

Technical documentation

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

docs.arangodb.com

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

docs.nebula-graph.io

Social network pages

Developer

Amazon

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

ArangoDB Inc.

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

Vesoft Inc.

Initial release

2017

2012

2019

Current release

3.11.5, November 2023

3.1.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

automatically recognizes schema within a collection

yes

Strong typed schema

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, double, boolean, list, hash

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

JDBC
ODBC

AQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

Supported programming languages

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust

C++
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

JavaScript

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

user defined functions

Triggers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

since version 2.0

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

yes

Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor

selectable replication factor

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

configurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

using RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

Access rights for users, groups and roles

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Graph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
» more

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more

Competitive advantages

Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
» more

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
» more

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

Key customers

Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
» more

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more

Market metrics

ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
» more

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
» more

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.