DBMS > Amazon DynamoDB vs. JanusGraph vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDF4J
System Properties Comparison Amazon DynamoDB vs. JanusGraph vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDF4J
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Name | Amazon DynamoDB Xexclude from comparison | JanusGraph successor of Titan Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | RDF4J formerly known as Sesame Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Hosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloud | A Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters It was forked from the latest code base of Titan in January 2017 | Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Document store Key-value store | Graph DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store Wide column store | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | RDF store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache Age Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | aws.amazon.com/dynamodb | janusgraph.org | azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db | www.postgresql.org | rdf4j.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | docs.aws.amazon.com/dynamodb | docs.janusgraph.org | learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db | www.postgresql.org/docs | rdf4j.org/documentation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | Amazon | Linux Foundation; originally developed as Titan by Aurelius | Microsoft | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2012 | 2017 | 2014 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2004 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | 0.6.3, February 2023 | 16.3, May 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | commercial free tier for a limited amount of database operations | Open Source Apache 2.0 | commercial | Open Source BSD | Open Source Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | yes | no | yes | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Implementation language | Java | C | Java | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | hosted | Linux OS X Unix Windows | hosted | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux OS X Unix Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | schema-free | yes | schema-free | yes | yes RDF Schemas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes JSON types | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes All properties auto-indexed by default | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | no | no | SQL-like query language | yes standard with numerous extensions | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | RESTful HTTP API | Java API TinkerPop Blueprints TinkerPop Frames TinkerPop Gremlin TinkerPop Rexster | DocumentDB API Graph API (Gremlin) MongoDB API RESTful HTTP API Table API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | Java API RIO RDF Input/Output Sail API SeRQL Sesame RDF Query Language Sesame REST HTTP Protocol SPARQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | .Net ColdFusion Erlang Groovy Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby | Clojure Java Python | .Net C# Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages Python | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBC JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | Java PHP Python | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | yes | JavaScript | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | yes by integration with AWS Lambda | yes | JavaScript | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | yes depending on the used storage backend (e.g. Cassandra, HBase, BerkeleyDB) | Sharding Implicit feature of the cloud service | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | none | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes | yes | yes Implicit feature of the cloud service | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | none | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no may be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR) | yes via Faunus, a graph analytics engine | with Hadoop integration Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure* | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency can be specified for read operations | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency | Bounded Staleness Consistent Prefix Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency Consistency level configurable on request level Session Consistency | Immediate Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | yes Relationships in graphs | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID ACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and region | ACID | Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition | ACID | ACID Isolation support depends on the API used | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast | yes | yes | yes in-memory storage is supported as well | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) | User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server | Access rights can be defined down to the item level | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Amazon DynamoDB | JanusGraph successor of Titan | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB | PostgreSQL | RDF4J formerly known as Sesame | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates The popularity of cloud-based DBMSs has increased tenfold in four years Increased popularity for consuming DBMS services out of the cloud | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recent citations in the news | AWS announces Amazon DynamoDB zero-ETL integration with Amazon OpenSearch Service Simplify cross-account access control with Amazon DynamoDB using resource-based policies | Amazon Web Services Continuously replicate Amazon DynamoDB changes to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL using AWS Lambda | Amazon ... Using the circuit-breaker pattern with AWS Lambda extensions and Amazon DynamoDB | Amazon Web Services Introducing configurable maximum throughput for Amazon DynamoDB on-demand | Amazon Web Services provided by Google News | Database Deep Dives: JanusGraph JanusGraph Picks Up Where TitanDB Left Off From graph db to graph embedding. In 7 simple steps. | by Andy Greatorex Nordstrom Builds Flexible Backend Ops with Kubernetes, Spark and JanusGraph Compose for JanusGraph arrives on Bluemix provided by Google News | Building Planet-Scale .NET Apps with Azure Cosmos DB Public Preview: DiskANN vector indexing and search in Azure Cosmos DB NoSQL | Azure updates Public Preview: vCore-based Azure Cosmos DB for MongoDB cross-region disaster recovery (DR) | Azure updates Start your AI journey with Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB—compete for $10K Public preview: Change partition key of a container in Azure Cosmos DB (NoSQL API) | Azure updates provided by Google News | PostgreSQL Tutorial: Definition, Commands, & Features Raise the bar on AI-powered app development with Azure Database for PostgreSQL How To Schedule PostgreSQL Backups With GitHub Actions How to implement a better like, views, comment counters in PostgreSQL? Enterprise DB begins rolling AI features into PostgreSQL provided by Google News | GraphDB Goes Open Source Ontotext's GraphDB 8.10 Makes Knowledge Graph Experience Faster and Richer provided by Google News |
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