DBMS > Amazon DynamoDB vs. HarperDB vs. MariaDB vs. Stardog vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon DynamoDB vs. HarperDB vs. MariaDB vs. Stardog vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Hosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloud

Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language

Primary database model

Document store
Key-value store

Document store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS

Often described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	74.45
Rank	#17	Overall
	#3	Document stores
	#2	Key-value stores

Score	0.60
Rank	#244	Overall
	#38	Document stores

Score	91.04
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	0.70
Rank	#230	Overall
	#20	Graph DBMS
	#106	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

www.harperdb.io

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

www.stardog.com

typedb.com

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

docs.harperdb.io/docs

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

docs.stardog.com

typedb.com/docs

Developer

Amazon

HarperDB

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Stardog-Union

Vaticle

Initial release

2012

2017

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2010

2016

Current release

3.1, August 2021

11.3.2, February 2024

7.3.0, May 2020

2.26.3, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free tier for a limited amount of database operations

commercial

free community edition available

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.

Implementation language

Node.js

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

dynamic schema

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON data types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like data manipulation statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)

Supported programming languages

.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Custom Functions

since release 3.1

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

by integration with AWS Lambda

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

A table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a cluster

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

none

Sharding

by using Cassandra

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

the nodes on which a table resides can be defined

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

Multi-source replication

by using Cassandra

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

may be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)

yes

by using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be specified for read operations

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

relationships in graphs

substituted by the relationship feature

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and region

Atomic execution of specific operations

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, using LMDB

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Key customers

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