DBMS > Amazon DynamoDB vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Tibero
System Properties Comparison Amazon DynamoDB vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Tibero
| Editorial information provided by DB-Engines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name | Amazon DynamoDB Xexclude from comparison | Citus Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB  former name was Azure DocumentDB Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | Tibero Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Hosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloud | Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL | Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | A secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from Oracle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Document store Key-value store | Relational DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store Wide column store | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store | Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | aws.amazon.com/dynamodb | www.citusdata.com | azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db | www.postgresql.org | us.tmaxsoft.com/products/tibero | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | docs.aws.amazon.com/dynamodb | docs.citusdata.com | learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db | www.postgresql.org/docs | technet.tmaxsoft.com/upload/download/online/tibero/pver-20150504-000002/index.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Amazon | Microsoft | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | TmaxSoft | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2012 | 2010 | 2014 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2003 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 8.1, December 2018 | 16.3, May 2024 | 6, April 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial free tier for a limited amount of database operations | Open Source AGPL, commercial license also available | commercial | Open Source BSD | commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | yes | no | yes | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | C | C | C and Assembler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | hosted | Linux | hosted | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | AIX HP-UX Linux Solaris Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free | yes | schema-free | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes JSON types | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes All properties auto-indexed by default | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | no | yes standard, with numerous extensions | SQL-like query language | yes standard with numerous extensions | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | RESTful HTTP API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | DocumentDB API Graph API (Gremlin) MongoDB API RESTful HTTP API Table API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | JDBC ODBC ODP.NET Oracle Call Interface (OCI) Tibero CLI | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .Net ColdFusion Erlang Groovy Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | .Net C# Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages Python | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | C C# C++ Cobol Java Objective-C Perl PHP Python Ruby Visual Basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | JavaScript | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | Persistent Stored Procedure (PSM) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes by integration with AWS Lambda | yes | JavaScript | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | Sharding | Sharding Implicit feature of the cloud service | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | horizontal partitioning by range, hash, list or composite | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | yes Implicit feature of the cloud service | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no may be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR) | no | with Hadoop integration Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure* | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency can be specified for read operations | Immediate Consistency | Bounded Staleness Consistent Prefix Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency Consistency level configurable on request levelSession Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | yes | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID ACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and region | ACID | Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | no | no planned for next version | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Access rights can be defined down to the item level | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amazon DynamoDB | Citus | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB | PostgreSQL | Tibero | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates The popularity of cloud-based DBMSs has increased tenfold in four years Increased popularity for consuming DBMS services out of the cloud | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conferences, events and webinars | Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recent citations in the news | Uber Migrates 1 Trillion Records from DynamoDB to LedgerStore to Save $6 Million Annually Using the circuit-breaker pattern with AWS Lambda extensions and Amazon DynamoDB | Amazon Web Services Continuously replicate Amazon DynamoDB changes to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL using AWS Lambda | Amazon ... Migrating Uber's Ledger Data from DynamoDB to LedgerStore Zendesk Moves from DynamoDB to MySQL and S3 to Save over 80% in Costs provided by Google News | Ubicloud wants to build an open source alternative to AWS How Citus Health Uses AWS to Provide Secure and Real-Time Virtual Patient Care - AWS Startups Ubicloud reels in $16M for its open-source cloud platform Microsoft Benchmarks Distributed PostgreSQL DBs Microsoft acquires Citus Data, re-affirming its commitment to Open Source and accelerating Azure PostgreSQL ... provided by Google News | General Availability: Data API builder | Azure updates Start your AI journey with Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB—compete for $10K Azure Synapse Link for Cosmos DB: New Analytics Capabilities How to Migrate Azure Cosmos DB Databases | by Arwin Lashawn Microsoft Benchmarks Distributed PostgreSQL DBs provided by Google News | Continuously replicate Amazon DynamoDB changes to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL using AWS Lambda | Amazon ... SolarWinds Unveils Enhanced Database Performance Analyzer with Advanced PostgreSQL Support ServiceNow trades MariaDB for RaptorDB (PostgreSQL) Automatically Generate Types for Your PostgreSQL Database General availability: Microsoft Entra ID integration with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQL | Azure updates provided by Google News | ArkData to Officially Support Domestic Database 'Tibero 7' How to Succeed at Large-Scale Mainframe Replatforming with TmaxSoft OpenFrame on AWS | Amazon Web Services TmaxSoft database system wins Russia award ArkData's 'Ark for CDC' supports real-time data extraction and replication for Tibero DBMS. Tmax deploys advanced database management system at UITM's disaster recovery site provided by Google News | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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