DBMS > Amazon DynamoDB vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Amazon DynamoDB vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Hosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloud

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Primary database model

Document store
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	74.45
Rank	#17	Overall
	#3	Document stores
	#2	Key-value stores

Score	2.06
Rank	#123	Overall
	#58	Relational DBMS

Score	1.66
Rank	#144	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

phoenix.apache.org

www.datomic.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

phoenix.apache.org

docs.datomic.com

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Developer

Amazon

Apache Software Foundation

Cognitect

Microsoft

Initial release

2012

2014

2012

1989

Current release

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

1.0.6735, June 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free tier for a limited amount of database operations

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

Java

Java, Clojure

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

Clojure
Java

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

yes

Transaction Functions

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

by integration with AWS Lambda

By using transaction functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

may be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)

Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be specified for read operations

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and region

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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