DB-EnginesextremeDB - solve IoT connectivity disruptionsEnglish
Deutsch
Knowledge Base of Relational and NoSQL Database Management Systemsprovided by Redgate Software

DBMS > Amazon Aurora vs. Immudb vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Amazon Aurora vs. Immudb vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Aurora  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMySQL and PostgreSQL compatible cloud service by AmazonAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.84
Rank#44  Overall
#28  Relational DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score42.68
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.93
Rank#121  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­rds/­auroragithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
neo4j.comwww.postgresql.orgwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­AmazonRDS/­latest/­AuroraUserGuide/­CHAP_Aurora.htmldocs.immudb.ioneo4j.com/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperAmazonCodenotaryNeo4j, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerStardog-Union
Initial release2015202020071989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2010
Current release1.2.3, April 20225.23, August 202416.4, August 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageGoJava, ScalaCJava
Server operating systemshostedBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free and schema-optionalyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like syntaxnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesAda
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesnoyes infovia event handleryesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningShardingyes using Neo4j Fabricpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlySource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon AuroraImmudbNeo4jPostgreSQLStardog
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
News

Elevate Fraud Detection With Neo4j on AWS: Uncover Hidden Patterns and Enhance Accuracy
20 September 2024

The Ethics of Generative AI: Understanding the Principles and Risks
18 September 2024

GraphSummit Europe 2024: Actionable Insights From Industry Leaders and Innovators
18 September 2024

This Week in Neo4j: Knowledge Graph, Data Loading, Olympics, CSV and more
7 September 2024

Neo4j Expands Cloud Database Capabilities to Power Enterprise-Scale Graph Deployments
4 September 2024

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
» more

CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
» more

SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
» more

Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL
» more

Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
» more

pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
Amazon AuroraImmudbNeo4jPostgreSQLStardog
DB-Engines blog posts

Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates
12 December 2019, Paul Andlinger

The popularity of cloud-based DBMSs has increased tenfold in four years
7 February 2017, Matthias Gelbmann

Amazon - the rising star in the DBMS market
3 August 2015, Matthias Gelbmann

show all

Applying Graph Analytics to Game of Thrones
12 June 2019, Amy Hodler & Mark Needham, Neo4j (guest author)

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

The openCypher Project: Help Shape the SQL for Graphs
22 December 2015, Emil Eifrem (guest author)

show all

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023
2 January 2024, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year
3 January 2023, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021
3 January 2022, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

show all

Conferences, events and webinars

PASS Data Community Summit
Seattle, Washington, 4-8 November 2024

Recent citations in the news

Replace Amazon QLDB with Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL for audit use cases
18 July 2024, AWS Blog

Learn how Presence migrated off a monolithic Amazon RDS for MySQL instance, with near-zero downtime, using replication filters
17 September 2024, AWS Blog

Build generative AI applications with Amazon Aurora and Amazon Bedrock Knowledge Bases
2 February 2024, AWS Blog

Review your Amazon Aurora and Amazon RDS security configuration with Prowler’s new checks
6 August 2024, AWS Blog

Continuously replicate Amazon DynamoDB changes to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL using AWS Lambda
14 May 2024, AWS Blog

provided by Google News

A Step by Step Guide to immudb — the open source immutable database
18 May 2020, hackernoon.com

immudb (immutable database) ‘tamper-proof’ database
14 December 2021, ComputerWeekly.com

ImmuDB and Codenotary: It's a database, but the company isn't
20 December 2021, ZDNet

Immudb: Open-source database, built on a zero trust model
17 December 2021, Help Net Security

How Open-Source Database immudb Plans to Handle All That Metaverse Data
10 October 2022, Acceleration Economy

provided by Google News

Neo4j lowers barriers to graph technology with gen AI copilot, 15x read capacity
4 September 2024, VentureBeat

Implementing GraphReader with Neo4j and LangGraph | by Tomaz Bratanic | Sep, 2024
11 September 2024, Towards Data Science

Neo4j Transforms Its Cloud Database Portfolio to Accelerate Graph Adoption & GenAI for the Enterprise
4 September 2024, PR Newswire

Neo4j charts upward course for GraphRAG in graph databases
4 September 2024, Techzine Europe

Neo4j eyes GenAI workloads in APAC
18 July 2024, ComputerWeekly.com

provided by Google News

YugabyteDB 2.19 gets new PostgreSQL-compatibility features
19 September 2024, InfoWorld

YugabyteDB evolves into a distributed PostgreSQL database for apps that need resilience and scale
19 September 2024, SiliconANGLE News

YugabyteDB Evolves PostgreSQL to a Distributed Architecture for Modern, Cloud-Native Applications
19 September 2024, Business Wire

Latest YugabyteDB update enables distributed PostgreSQL
19 September 2024, SDTimes.com

Synopsis of several compelling features in PostgreSQL 16 | Amazon Web Services
12 July 2024, AWS Blog

provided by Google News



Share this page

Featured Products

Milvus logo

Vector database designed for GenAI, fully equipped for enterprise implementation.
Try Managed Milvus for Free

Neo4j logo

See for yourself how a graph database can make your life easier.
Use Neo4j online for free.

RaimaDB logo

RaimaDB, embedded database for mission-critical applications. When performance, footprint and reliability matters.
Try RaimaDB for free.

Datastax Astra logo

Bring all your data to Generative AI applications with vector search enabled by the most scalable
vector database available.
Try for Free

SingleStore logo

The data platform to build your intelligent applications.
Try it free.

Present your product here