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DBMS > Amazon Aurora vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Amazon Aurora vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Aurora  Xexclude from comparisonAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMySQL and PostgreSQL compatible cloud service by AmazonLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.84
Rank#44  Overall
#28  Relational DBMS
Score15.25
Rank#38  Overall
#23  Relational DBMS
Score807.76
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score3.99
Rank#75  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#40  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­rds/­auroraaws.amazon.com/­redshiftwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servervirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­AmazonRDS/­latest/­AuroraUserGuide/­CHAP_Aurora.htmldocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAmazonAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)MicrosoftOpenLink Software
Initial release2015201219891998
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageCC++C
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesrestrictedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesAda
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions infoin PythonTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon AuroraAmazon RedshiftMicrosoft SQL ServerVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Amazon AuroraAmazon RedshiftMicrosoft SQL ServerVirtuoso
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