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DBMS > Altibase vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Altibase vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAltibase  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn enterprise grade, high-performance RDBMSFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.02
Rank#189  Overall
#88  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitealtibase.comwww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaseneo4j.comwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationgithub.com/­ALTIBASE/­Documents/­tree/­master/­Manualswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlneo4j.com/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperAltibaseThomas MuellerMicrosoftNeo4j, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release19992005201020071989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev7.3, 2023, August 20232.2.220, July 2023V125.20, May 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoOpen source edition discontinued with March 2023Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageC++JavaC++Java, ScalaC
Server operating systemsAIX
HP-UX
Linux
All OS with a Java VMhostedLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free and schema-optionalyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLANSI SQL-92yesyesnoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC
C++
Java
Java.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresstored procedures and stored functionsJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsTransact SQLyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyesyesyes infovia event handleryes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneyes using Neo4j Fabricpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes, with always 3 replicas availableCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlySource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
AltibaseH2Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureNeo4jPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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