DBMS > Altibase vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison Altibase vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An enterprise grade, high-performance RDBMS

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Widely used RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.07
Rank	#186	Overall
	#87	Relational DBMS

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	2.89
Rank	#103	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Website

altibase.com

aws.amazon.com/redshift

impala.apache.org

cloud.google.com/spanner

www.oracle.com/database

Technical documentation

github.com/ALTIBASE/Documents/tree/master/Manuals

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Developer

Altibase

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Google

Oracle

Initial release

1999

2012

2013

2017

1980

Current release

v7.3, 2023, August 2023

4.1.0, June 2022

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open source edition discontinued with March 2023

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

AIX
HP-UX
Linux

hosted

Linux

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

ANSI SQL-92

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

C
C++
Java

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

stored procedures and stored functions

user defined functions

in Python

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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