DBMS > AllegroGraph vs. etcd vs. MariaDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison AllegroGraph vs. etcd vs. MariaDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.

Description

High performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMS

A distributed reliable key-value store

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.

Primary database model

Document store

with version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.06
Rank	#187	Overall
	#30	Document stores
	#17	Graph DBMS
	#7	RDF stores
	#7	Vector DBMS

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	93.21
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

allegrograph.com

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

spark.apache.org/sql

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan

Technical documentation

franz.com/agraph/support/documentation/current/agraph-introduction.html

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan/wiki

Developer

Franz Inc.

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Apache Software Foundation

Aurelius, owned by DataStax

Initial release

2004

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2014

2012

Current release

8.0, December 2023

3.4, August 2019

11.3.2, February 2024

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Limited community edition free

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache license, version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Scala

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF schemas

schema-free

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

bulk load of XML files possible

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SPARQL is used as query language

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

JDBC
ODBC

Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster

Supported programming languages

C#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Java
Python
R
Scala

Clojure
Java
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript or Common Lisp

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

yes

Triggers

yes

yes, watching key changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

with Federation

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

yes, utilizing Spark Core

yes

via pluggable storage backends

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Faunus, a graph analytics engine

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Relationships in graph

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

User concepts

Access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Knowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more

MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more

Competitive advantages

AllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more

MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more

Typical application scenarios

Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more

Key customers

Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more

Market metrics

MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more

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