DBMS > Alibaba Cloud PolarDB vs. Cassandra vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MonetDB vs. MySQL

System Properties Comparison Alibaba Cloud PolarDB vs. Cassandra vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MonetDB vs. MySQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A cloud-native relational database compatible with MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle. Designed for business critical applications.

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A relational database management system that stores data in columns

Widely used open source RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.66
Rank	#235	Overall
	#108	Relational DBMS

Score	98.83
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1.72
Rank	#141	Overall
	#64	Relational DBMS

Score	1061.34
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Website

www.alibabacloud.com/product/polardb

cassandra.apache.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.monetdb.org

www.mysql.com

Technical documentation

www.alibabacloud.com/help/en/polardb/product-overview

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.monetdb.org/Documentation

dev.mysql.com/doc

Developer

Alibaba

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Microsoft

MonetDB BV

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Initial release

2008

1989

2004

1995

Current release

4.1.3, July 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023

8.4.0, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Mozilla Public License 2.0

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

Java

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

hosted

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

yes

SQL 2003 with some extensions

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
native C library

MAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

Java
Python

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes, in SQL, C, R

yes

proprietary syntax

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding via remote tables

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

Source-replica replication available in experimental status

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users can be defined per object

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

More information provided by the system vendor

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Key customers

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

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