DB-EnginesExtremeDB: mitigate connectivity issues in a DBMSEnglish
Deutsch
Knowledge Base of Relational and NoSQL Database Management Systemsprovided by solid IT

DBMS > AgensGraph vs. Cassandra vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison AgensGraph vs. Cassandra vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP HANA

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAgensGraph  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMulti-model database supporting relational and graph data models and built upon PostgreSQLWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLIn-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS
Wide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.23
Rank#315  Overall
#26  Graph DBMS
#140  Relational DBMS
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score44.27
Rank#23  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Websitebitnine.net/­agensgraphcassandra.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­hana.html
Technical documentationbitnine.net/­documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docshelp.sap.com/­hana
DeveloperBitnine Global Inc.Apache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSAP
Initial release2016200819891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2010
Current release2.1, December 20184.1.3, July 2023SQL Server 2022, November 202216.3, May 20242.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache License 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono infoalso available as a cloud based service
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
  • PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
  • Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageCJavaC++C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Appliance or cloud-service
Data schemedepending on used data modelschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsCypher Query Language
JDBC
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
Java
JavaScript
Python
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.SQLScript, R
Triggersnoyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesno, but can be realized using table inheritanceSharding infono "single point of failure"tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes
More information provided by the system vendor
AgensGraphCassandraMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLSAP HANA
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
News

An Introduction to Phil Nash, Developer Relations
3 June 2024

Focus on Creativity, Not Clusters: DataStax Mission Control in Action!
30 May 2024

How Concide Built its Chat Platform with Enhanced Document Management for Legal Tech Professionals
23 May 2024

Astra Vectorize: Generate Vector Embeddings with 1 Line of Code
22 May 2024

GitHub Copilot + DataStax Astra DB: Build GenAI Apps 100x Faster
21 May 2024

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesCData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers.
» more

Cassandra Forward event: Want to level up your Cassandra game? Watch now replays of the March 2023 sessions.
» more
Navicat for SQL Server gives you a fully graphical approach to database management and development.
» more

Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems.
» more
SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
» more

Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
» more

Timescale: Calling all PostgreSQL users – the 2023 State of PostgreSQL survey is now open! Share your favorite extensions, preferred frameworks, community experiences, and more. Take the survey today!
» more

Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
» more

Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL
» more

Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres: An Enterprise Grade PostgreSQL with the flexibility of a hybrid cloud solution combined with industry leading security, availability and performance.
» more

Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
» more

pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
» more

CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
» more

Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
» more
CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
AgensGraphCassandraMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLSAP HANA
DB-Engines blog posts

Cassandra keeps climbing the ranks of the DB-Engines Ranking
3 May 2016, Matthias Gelbmann

Oracle is the DBMS of the Year
5 January 2016, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

Winners, losers and an attractive newcomer in Novembers DB-Engines ranking
2 November 2015, Paul Andlinger

show all

MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019
3 January 2020, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire
2 May 2017, Paul Andlinger

Microsoft SQL Server is the DBMS of the Year
4 January 2017, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

show all

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023
2 January 2024, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year
3 January 2023, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021
3 January 2022, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

show all

Recent citations in the news

Graph DBMS Performance Comparison AgensGraph vs. Neo4j
29 June 2017, Business Wire

Bitnine Releases AgensGraph 2.1, the Multi-model Graph Database Optimized for the Legacy Environment
29 January 2019, Business Wire

Bitnine: The Newly Revealed 'AI Teacher' Powered by Graph Database Delivers Hyper-Personalized Learning ...
25 March 2019, Business Wire

provided by Google News

Microsoft Azure, Rackspace to Sell NoSQL Cassandra to Enterprises
30 May 2024, Data Center Knowledge

Here's What to Know About Apache Cassandra 5.0
15 April 2024, hackernoon.com

Cassandra is the “best f*cking database for gen AI,” says DataStax CEO
13 December 2023, VentureBeat

How Uber Optimized Cassandra Operations At Scale
20 July 2023, Uber

How Zalando migrated their shopping carts to Amazon DynamoDB from Apache Cassandra | Amazon Web Services
11 October 2023, AWS Blog

provided by Google News

10 Easy Tips for Better SQL Server Performance
2 June 2024, ITPro Today

SQL Server Market May See a Big Move with Major Giants Alphabet, MicroStrategy Incorporated, Teradata, SAP SE
4 June 2024, EIN News

Mastering the SQL Server command-line interface
30 May 2024, SitePoint

The Essential Guide to SQL Server 2014 Series: Scalability
1 June 2024, ITPro Today

SQL Server on Linux: What You Need to Know
30 May 2024, ITPro Today

provided by Google News

How to implement a better like, views, comment counters in PostgreSQL?
28 May 2024, SitePoint

Automatically Generate Types for Your PostgreSQL Database
1 May 2024, The New Stack

Enterprise DB begins rolling AI features into PostgreSQL
23 May 2024, SiliconANGLE News

Oracle Introduces PostgreSQL Running Native on OCI
17 December 2023, IDC

Introducing OCI Database with PostgreSQL: Completing Our Cloud Database Suite for Every Need
14 November 2023, Oracle

provided by Google News

Combine the Power of AI with Business Context Using SAP HANA Cloud Vector Engine
2 April 2024, SAP News

Automating application-consistent Amazon EBS Snapshots for SAP HANA databases | Amazon Web Services
6 February 2024, AWS Blog

SAP GenAI gets boost with AWS cloud and chips
30 May 2024, ERP Today

AWS and SAP collaborate on Generative AI hub in SAP AI Core - Hypertext
3 June 2024, htxt.africa

Modernize consolidation in an SAP S/4 HANA environment | CCH Tagetik
9 April 2024, Wolters Kluwer

provided by Google News



Share this page

Featured Products

Datastax Astra logo

Bring all your data to Generative AI applications with vector search enabled by the most scalable
vector database available.
Try for Free

Milvus logo

Vector database designed for GenAI, fully equipped for enterprise implementation.
Try Managed Milvus for Free

Neo4j logo

See for yourself how a graph database can make your life easier.
Use Neo4j online for free.

Present your product here