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DBMS > 4D vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata vs. Titan vs. VictoriaMetrics

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata vs. Titan vs. VictoriaMetrics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparisonVictoriaMetrics  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.A fast, cost-effective and scalable Time Series DBMS and monitoring solution
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSGraph DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score45.33
Rank#21  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Score1.32
Rank#162  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.postgresql.orgwww.teradata.comgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titanvictoriametrics.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.teradata.comgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wikidocs.victoriametrics.com
github.com/­VictoriaMetrics/­VictoriaMetrics/­wiki
Developer4D, IncPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTeradataAurelius, owned by DataStaxVictoriaMetrics
Initial release19841989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL198420122018
Current releasev20, April 202316.3, May 2024Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 2019v1.91, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaGo
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hosted
Linux
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
OpenBSD
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash indexyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL 2016 + extensionsnono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Graphite protocol
InfluxDB Line Protocol
OpenTSDB
Prometheus Query API
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallelyesno
Triggersyesyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infoHashingyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesSynchronous replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engineno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionPostgreSQLTeradataTitanVictoriaMetrics
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