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DBMS > 4D vs. atoti vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. atoti vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonatoti  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonOracle NoSQL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn in-memory DBMS combining transactional and analytical processing to handle the aggregation of ever-changing data.A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSA multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodesWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSObject oriented DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.59
Rank#242  Overall
#10  Object oriented DBMS
Score2.12
Rank#125  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score2.96
Rank#103  Overall
#18  Document stores
#17  Key-value stores
#52  Relational DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comatoti.iogithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.oracle.com/­database/­nosql/­technologies/­nosqlwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.atoti.iodocs.nebula-graph.iodocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­nosql-database/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncActiveViamVesoft Inc.OraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release1984201920111989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 202323.3, December 202316.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree versions availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoProprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageJavaC++JavaC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
Solaris SPARC/x86
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesStrong typed schemaSupport Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesoptionalyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92Multidimensional Expressions (MDX)SQL-like query languageSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesPythonuser defined functionsnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationCausal Clustering using Raft protocolElectable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table featureSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononowith Hadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infodepending on configuration
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDconfigurable infoACID within a storage node (=shard)ACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes infooff heap cacheno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionatotiNebulaGraphOracle NoSQLPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionatotiNebulaGraphOracle NoSQLPostgreSQL
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