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DBMS > 4D vs. EXASOL vs. MariaDB vs. OrientDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. EXASOL vs. MariaDB vs. OrientDB vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.76
Rank#139  Overall
#62  Relational DBMS
Score91.04
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.exasol.commariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
orientdb.orgwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.exasol.com/­resourcesmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarywww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncExasolMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release198420002009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 199520101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 202311.3.2, February 20243.2.29, March 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availableOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageC and C++JavaC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes infoDynamic columns are supportedschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like query language, no joinsyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Java
Lua
Python
R
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3Java, Javascriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersyesyesyesHooksyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingseveral options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoHadoop integrationnono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyes inforelationship in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infowith MEMORY storage engineno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurablefine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionEXASOLMariaDBOrientDBPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsMariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more
Competitive advantagesMariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more
Typical application scenariosWeb, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more
Key customersDeutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more
Market metricsMariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionEXASOLMariaDBOrientDBPostgreSQL
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