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DBMS > 4D vs. Cassandra vs. eXtremeDB vs. RocksDB vs. SingleStore

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cassandra vs. eXtremeDB vs. RocksDB vs. SingleStore

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisoneXtremeDB  Xexclude from comparisonRocksDB  Xexclude from comparisonSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessNatively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clusteringEmbeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Key-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.74
Rank#223  Overall
#103  Relational DBMS
#18  Time Series DBMS
Score3.65
Rank#85  Overall
#11  Key-value stores
Score5.60
Rank#62  Overall
#35  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcassandra.apache.orgwww.mcobject.comrocksdb.orgwww.singlestore.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.mcobject.com/­docs/­extremedb.htmgithub.com/­facebook/­rocksdb/­wikidocs.singlestore.com
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMcObjectFacebook, Inc.SingleStore Inc.
Initial release19842008200120132013
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 20238.2, 20218.11.4, April 20248.5, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infofree developer edition available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities
Implementation languageJavaC and C++C++C++, Go
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
LinuxLinux info64 bit version required
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono infosupport of XML interfaces availablenono
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infowith the option: eXtremeSQLnoyes infobut no triggers and foreign keys
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
C++ API
Java API
Cluster Management API infoas HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala
C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby
Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyesnoyes
Triggersyesyesyes infoby defining eventsno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"horizontal partitioning / shardinghorizontal partitioningSharding infohash partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleActive Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication infoby means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication infoby means of eXtremeDB High Availability option
yesSource-replica replication infostores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono infocan define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDyesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoOptimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies availableyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoAll updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnoFine grained access control via users, groups and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCassandraeXtremeDBRocksDBSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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eXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
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SingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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eXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
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SingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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IoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
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Driving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Schneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
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IEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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With hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
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Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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For server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
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F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
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