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DBMS > 4D vs. Cassandra vs. Percona Server for MySQL vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cassandra vs. Percona Server for MySQL vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonPercona Server for MySQL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessEnhanced drop-in replacement for MySQL based on XtraDB or TokuDB storage engines with improved performance and additional diagnostic and management features.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.03
Rank#122  Overall
#57  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcassandra.apache.orgwww.percona.com/­software/­mysql-database/­percona-serverwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.percona.com/­downloads/­Percona-Server-LATESTwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookPerconaPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release1984200820081989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 20238.0.36-28, 202416.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoGPL version 2Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC and C++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
XtraDB Cluster
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per objectUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCassandraPercona Server for MySQLPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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More resources
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