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DBMS > 4D vs. Cassandra vs. Manticore Search vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cassandra vs. Manticore Search vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonManticore Search  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessMulti-storage database for search, including full-text search.Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeSearch engineDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Time Series DBMS infousing the Manticore Columnar LibrarySpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.29
Rank#302  Overall
#21  Search engines
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcassandra.apache.orgmanticoresearch.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestmanual.manticoresearch.comlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookManticore SoftwareMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release19842008201720141989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 20236.0, February 202316.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoGPL version 2commercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
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Implementation languageJavaC++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schemaschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesInt, Bigint, Float, Timestamp, Bit, Int array, Bigint array, JSON, Booleanyes infoJSON typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoCan index from XMLyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infofull-text index on all search fieldsyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like query languageSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Binary API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP/SQL API
SQL over MySQL
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnouser defined functionsJavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersyesyesnoJavaScriptyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding infoPartitioning is done manually, search queries against distributed index is supportedSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSynchronous replication based on Galera libraryyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsyes infoisolated transactions for atomic changes and binary logging for safe writesMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoThe original contents of fields are not stored in the Manticore index.yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnoAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCassandraManticore SearchMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
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