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DBMS > 4D vs. Cassandra vs. Graph Engine vs. NebulaGraph vs. Newts

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cassandra vs. Graph Engine vs. NebulaGraph vs. Newts

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonNewts  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSTime Series DBMS based on Cassandra
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Graph DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#41  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcassandra.apache.orgwww.graphengine.iogithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
opennms.github.io/­newts
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.nebula-graph.iogithub.com/­OpenNMS/­newts/­wiki
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMicrosoftVesoft Inc.OpenNMS Group
Initial release19842008201020192014
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJava.NET and CC++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
.NETLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesStrong typed schemaschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.no
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
RESTful HTTP APIBrowser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
HTTP REST
Java API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyesuser defined functionsno
Triggersyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"horizontal partitioningShardingSharding infobased on Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleCausal Clustering using Raft protocolselectable replication factor infobased on Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per objectRole-based access controlno
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCassandraGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityNebulaGraphNewts
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
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