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DBMS > 4D vs. Cassandra vs. GeoSpock vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cassandra vs. GeoSpock vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonGeoSpock  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparison
GeoSpock seems to be discontinued. Therefore it will be excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessSpatial and temporal data processing engine for extreme data scaleWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Time Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score44.87
Rank#22  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcassandra.apache.orggeospock.comwww.postgresql.orgwww.teradata.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.teradata.com
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGeoSpockPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTeradata
Initial release198420081989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL1984
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 20232.0, September 201916.3, May 2024Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJava, JavascriptC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hosted
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutiontemporal, categoricalyesyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash index
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)ANSI SQL for query only (using Presto)yes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL 2016 + extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
JDBCADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallel
Triggersyesyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"Automatic shardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infoHashing
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users can be defined per tablefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCassandraGeoSpockPostgreSQLTeradata
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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