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DBMS > 4D vs. Cassandra vs. Citus vs. Geode vs. KairosDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cassandra vs. Citus vs. Geode vs. KairosDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGeode  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLGeode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processesDistributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSKey-value storeTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.68
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score103.86
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.15
Rank#123  Overall
#60  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#133  Overall
#23  Key-value stores
Score0.71
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcassandra.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comgeode.apache.orggithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdb
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.citusdata.comgeode.apache.org/­docskairosdb.github.io
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookOriginally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.
Initial release19842008201020022013
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 20238.1, December 20181.1, February 20171.2.2, November 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses available as GemfireOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaCJavaJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VM infothe JDK (8 or later) is also requiredLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesnono
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language (OQL)no
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functionsno
Triggersyesyesyesyes infoCache Event Listenersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingShardingSharding infobased on Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infobased on Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDyes, on a single nodeno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights per client and object definablesimple password-based access control
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCassandraCitusGeodeKairosDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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