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DBMS > 4D vs. BoltDB vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. BoltDB vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn embedded key-value store for Go.Widely used RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#220  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score1236.29
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.05
Rank#358  Overall
#36  Graph DBMS
#16  Object oriented DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comgithub.com/­boltdb/­boltwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.postgresql.orgvelocitydb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.postgresql.org/­docsvelocitydb.com/­UserGuide
Developer4D, IncOraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerVelocityDB Inc
Initial release1984201319801989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2011
Current releasev20, April 202323c, September 202316.3, May 20247.x
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC and C++CC#
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Any that supports .NET
Data schemeyesschema-freeyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.Net
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
GoC
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
TriggersyesnoyesyesCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocan be realized in PL/SQLnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardBased on Windows Authentication

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionBoltDBOraclePostgreSQLVelocityDB
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