DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Dgraph vs. KairosDB vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Dgraph vs. KairosDB vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Distributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2

Widely used RDBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.06
Rank	#123	Overall
	#58	Relational DBMS

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	0.67
Rank	#233	Overall
	#20	Time Series DBMS

Score	1244.08
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

phoenix.apache.org

dgraph.io

github.com/kairosdb/kairosdb

www.oracle.com/database

Technical documentation

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Oracle

Initial release

1984

2014

2016

2013

1980

Current release

v20, April 2023

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

1.2.2, November 2018

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

yes

Sharding

based on Cassandra

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

selectable replication factor

based on Cassandra

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Hadoop integration

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

based on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency

based on Cassandra

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

Planned for future releases

simple password-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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